Opto.Amani Habib
25-03-2006, 10:04 PM
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركات
سنخصص هذا الموضوع عن الحول بالتدريج وكل يوم سنناقش موضوع ان شاء الله ( يعني نتعلم ونراجع سوا وحدة وحدة من السهل للصعب )
1.01 Equipment for Examination of the Patient With Strabismus
________________________________________
The equipment requirements for examination of the patient with strabismus are few, but those elements required are essential. This starts with a quiet examination lane, preferably of 6 M length and with a light source that can be dimmed. A comfortable, adjustable chair is needed for the patient, who may be seated either alone or on the parent's lap. The examiner also needs an adjustable chair with freely movable coasters. The examiner may wear the traditional white coat or other, possibly less "threatening" attire. Both authors wear the traditional garb. The equipment list should include the following items:
• Loose prisms, from 1/2 diopter to 30 diopters
• One horizontal and one vertical plastic prism bar (1diopter to 25 diopters)
• Rotary prism
• Opaque occluder
• A variety of small near fixation targets, silent or noise-producing and animated, with capabilities of maintaining attention and stimulating accommodation
• Animated distance fixation targets
• A trial lens set with plus cylinders and prisms (to fit in a trial frame)
• Adult and pediatric trial frames
• Red and white Maddox rods
• Stereo test (Titmus, Randot, Lang, TNO)
• Handheld fixation light
• Pinhole
• Worth 4-dot test and red-green spectacles
• Bagolini lenses
• Halberg clips
• Retinoscope
• Refraction lens bar with convex and concave lenses
• Portable biomicroscope
• Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes
• Hertel exophthalmometer
• Visual acuity chart (B-VAT is strongly recommended)
• Near vision cards
• Optokinetic drum or tape
• Fine-tooth forceps for passive ductions and estimation of generated muscle force
• Afterimage tester (modified handheld camera flash)
• Reading comprehension charts and word lists
o Major amblyoscope*
o Deviometer
o Hess or Lees' screen
o Spielmann translucent occluders
o Contrast sensitivity acuity chart
o Neutral density filters
o Visuscope or similar device to test fixation pattern
o Perimeter to determine field of single binocular vision
This equipment list is relatively small and, for the most part, inexpensive. The "first-line" instruments should be available to anyone who evaluates a patient with strabismus. The "second-line" equipment (shown indented) is for special documentation, research and for medicolegal purposes. Some items of "second-line" equipment represent the personal preference of an individual examiner. In addition to this equipment, a systematic recording scheme should be used. In most cases this includes a printed data collection sheet. 24, p.359 Drops for dilating the pupil and obtaining cycloplegia include cyclopentolate 1%, phenylephrine hydrochloride 10% and 2.5%, tropicamide 1%, and Cycloid. Drops used to anaesthetizing the conjunctiva include proparacaine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride 4%, and cocaine 4%. We prefer to use lidocaine. Fresnel press-on prisms in powers ranging from 1 diopter to 40 diopters should be available, as well as +1.00, +2.00, and +3.00 diopter spherical lenses.
مغ خالص حبي واحترامي
اماني حبيب
سنخصص هذا الموضوع عن الحول بالتدريج وكل يوم سنناقش موضوع ان شاء الله ( يعني نتعلم ونراجع سوا وحدة وحدة من السهل للصعب )
1.01 Equipment for Examination of the Patient With Strabismus
________________________________________
The equipment requirements for examination of the patient with strabismus are few, but those elements required are essential. This starts with a quiet examination lane, preferably of 6 M length and with a light source that can be dimmed. A comfortable, adjustable chair is needed for the patient, who may be seated either alone or on the parent's lap. The examiner also needs an adjustable chair with freely movable coasters. The examiner may wear the traditional white coat or other, possibly less "threatening" attire. Both authors wear the traditional garb. The equipment list should include the following items:
• Loose prisms, from 1/2 diopter to 30 diopters
• One horizontal and one vertical plastic prism bar (1diopter to 25 diopters)
• Rotary prism
• Opaque occluder
• A variety of small near fixation targets, silent or noise-producing and animated, with capabilities of maintaining attention and stimulating accommodation
• Animated distance fixation targets
• A trial lens set with plus cylinders and prisms (to fit in a trial frame)
• Adult and pediatric trial frames
• Red and white Maddox rods
• Stereo test (Titmus, Randot, Lang, TNO)
• Handheld fixation light
• Pinhole
• Worth 4-dot test and red-green spectacles
• Bagolini lenses
• Halberg clips
• Retinoscope
• Refraction lens bar with convex and concave lenses
• Portable biomicroscope
• Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes
• Hertel exophthalmometer
• Visual acuity chart (B-VAT is strongly recommended)
• Near vision cards
• Optokinetic drum or tape
• Fine-tooth forceps for passive ductions and estimation of generated muscle force
• Afterimage tester (modified handheld camera flash)
• Reading comprehension charts and word lists
o Major amblyoscope*
o Deviometer
o Hess or Lees' screen
o Spielmann translucent occluders
o Contrast sensitivity acuity chart
o Neutral density filters
o Visuscope or similar device to test fixation pattern
o Perimeter to determine field of single binocular vision
This equipment list is relatively small and, for the most part, inexpensive. The "first-line" instruments should be available to anyone who evaluates a patient with strabismus. The "second-line" equipment (shown indented) is for special documentation, research and for medicolegal purposes. Some items of "second-line" equipment represent the personal preference of an individual examiner. In addition to this equipment, a systematic recording scheme should be used. In most cases this includes a printed data collection sheet. 24, p.359 Drops for dilating the pupil and obtaining cycloplegia include cyclopentolate 1%, phenylephrine hydrochloride 10% and 2.5%, tropicamide 1%, and Cycloid. Drops used to anaesthetizing the conjunctiva include proparacaine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, lidocaine hydrochloride 4%, and cocaine 4%. We prefer to use lidocaine. Fresnel press-on prisms in powers ranging from 1 diopter to 40 diopters should be available, as well as +1.00, +2.00, and +3.00 diopter spherical lenses.
مغ خالص حبي واحترامي
اماني حبيب